160 Search Results

The determination of the direction of a stellar core collapse via its neutrino emission is crucial for the identification of the progenitor for a multimessenger follow-up. A highly effective method of reconstructing supernova directions within the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is introduced. The supernova neutrino pointing resolution is studied by simulating and reconstructing electron-neutrino charged-current absorption on ${}_{40}\mathrm{Ar}$ and elastic scattering of neutrinos on electrons. Procedures to reconstruct individual interactions, including a newly developed technique called “brems flipping,” as well as the burst direction from anmore » ensemble of interactions are described. Performance of the burst direction reconstruction is evaluated for supernovae happening at a distance of 10 kpc for a specific supernova burst flux model. The pointing resolution is found to be 3.4 degrees at 68% coverage for a perfect interaction-channel classification and a fiducial mass of 40 kton, and 6.6 degrees for a 10 kton fiducial mass respectively. Assuming a 4% rate of charged-current interactions being misidentified as elastic scattering, DUNE’s burst pointing resolution is found to be 4.3 degrees (8.7 degrees) at 68% coverage.« less

The Pandora Software Development Kit and algorithm libraries provide pattern-recognition logic essential to the reconstruction of particle interactions in liquid argon time projection chamber detectors. Pandora is the primary event reconstruction software used at ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment far detector. ProtoDUNE-SP, located at CERN, is exposed to a charged-particle test beam. This paper gives an overview of the Pandora reconstruction algorithms and how they have been tailored for use at ProtoDUNE-SP. In complex events with numerous cosmic-ray and beam background particles, the simulated reconstruction and identification efficiency for triggered test-beam particles is above 80% formore » the majority of particle type and beam momentum combinations. Specifically, simulated 1 GeV/c charged pions and protons are correctly reconstructed and identified with efficiencies of 86.1$$\pm 0.6$$% and 84.1$$\pm 0.6$$%, respectively. The efficiencies measured for test-beam data are shown to be within 5% of those predicted by the simulation.« less

The rapid development of general-purpose computing ongraphics processing units (GPGPU) is allowing the implementationof highly-parallelized Monte Carlo simulation chains for particlephysics experiments. This technique is particularly suitable forthe simulation of a pixelated charge readout for time projectionchambers, given the large number of channels that this technologyemploys. Here we present the first implementation of a fullmicrophysical simulator of a liquid argon time projectionchamber (LArTPC) equipped with light readout and pixelated chargereadout, developed for the DUNE Near Detector. The software isimplemented with an end-to-end set of GPU-optimizedalgorithms. The algorithms have been written in Python andtranslated into CUDA kernels using Numba, a just-in-timemore » compilerfor a subset of Python and NumPy instructions. The GPUimplementation achieves a speed up of four orders of magnitudecompared with the equivalent CPU version. The simulation of thecurrent induced on 10^3 pixels takes around 1 ms on the GPU,compared with approximately 10 s on the CPU. The results of thesimulation are compared against data from a pixel-readout LArTPCprototype.« less

Liquid argon time projection chamber detector technology provides high spatial and calorimetric resolutions on the charged particles traversing liquid argon. As a result, the technology has been used in a number of recent neutrino experiments, and is the technology of choice for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). In order to perform high precision measurements of neutrinos in the detector, final state particles need to be effectively identified, and their energy accurately reconstructed. This article proposes an algorithm based on a convolutional neural network to perform the classification of energy deposits and reconstructed particles as track-like or arising from electromagneticmore » cascades. Results from testing the algorithm on experimental data from ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype of the DUNE far detector, are presented. The network identifies track- and shower-like particles, as well as Michel electrons, with high efficiency. The performance of the algorithm is consistent between experimental data and simulation.« less

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international, world-class experiment aimed at exploring fundamental questions about the universe that are at the forefront of astrophysics and particle physics research. DUNE will study questions pertaining to the preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of supernovae, the subtleties of neutrino interaction physics, and a number of beyond the Standard Model topics accessible in a powerful neutrino beam. A critical component of the DUNE physics program involves the study of changes in a powerful beam of neutrinos, i.e., neutrino oscillations, as the neutrinos propagate a long distance.more » The experiment consists of a near detector, sited close to the source of the beam, and a far detector, sited along the beam at a large distance. This document, the DUNE Near Detector Conceptual Design Report (CDR), describes the design of the DUNE near detector and the science program that drives the design and technology choices. The goals and requirements underlying the design, along with projected performance are given. It serves as a starting point for a more detailed design that will be described in future documents.« less

At the start of Run 2 in 2015, the LHC delivered proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13\TeV. During Run 2 (years 2015–2018) the LHC eventually reached a luminosity of 2.1× 1034 cm-2s-1, almost three times that reached during Run 1 (2009–2013) and a factor of two larger than the LHC design value, leading to events with up to a mean of about 50 simultaneous inelastic proton-proton collisions per bunch crossing (pileup). The CMS Level-1 trigger was upgraded prior to 2016 to improve the selection of physics events in the challenging conditions posed by the second run of the LHC.more » This paper describes the performance of the CMS Level-1 trigger upgrade during the data taking period of 2016–2018. The upgraded trigger implements pattern recognition and boosted decision tree regression techniques for muon reconstruction, includes pileup subtraction for jets and energy sums, and incorporates pileup-dependent isolation requirements for electrons and tau leptons. In addition, the new trigger calculates high-level quantities such as the invariant mass of pairs of reconstructed particles. The upgrade reduces the trigger rate from background processes and improves the trigger efficiency for a wide variety of physics signals.« less

The exclusive photoproduction of $$\mathrm {\Upsilon }\mathrm {(nS)} $$ meson states from protons, $$\gamma \mathrm {p} \rightarrow \mathrm {\Upsilon }\mathrm {(nS)} \,\mathrm {p}$$ (with $$\mathrm {n}=1,2,3$$ ), is studied in ultraperipheral $$\mathrm {p}$$ Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $$\sqrt{\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}} = 5.02\,\text {TeV} $$ . The measurement is performed using the $$\mathrm {\Upsilon }\mathrm {(nS)} \rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-$$ decay mode, with data collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 32.6 $$\,\text {nb}^{-1}$$ . Differential cross sections as functions of the $$\mathrm {\Upsilon }\mathrm {(nS)} $$ transverse momentum squared $$p_{\mathrmmore » {T}} ^2$$ , and rapidity y, are presented. The $$\mathrm {\Upsilon (1S)}$$ photoproduction cross section is extracted in the rapidity range $|y |< 2.2$ , which corresponds to photon–proton centre-of-mass energies in the range $91« less

A search is presented for massive narrow resonances decaying either into two Higgs bosons, or into a Higgs boson and a W or Z boson. The decay channels considered are $$ \mathrm{H}\mathrm{H}\to \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}{\tau}^{+}{\tau}^{-} $$ and $$ \mathrm{V}\mathrm{H}\to \mathrm{q}\overline{\mathrm{q}}{\tau}^{+}{\tau}^{-} $$ , where H denotes the Higgs boson, and V denotes the W or Z boson. This analysis is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV by the CMS Collaboration, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$$^{−1}$$. For the TeV-scale mass resonances considered, substructure techniques provide ways to differentiate among the hadronizationmore » products from vector boson decays to quarks, Higgs boson decays to bottom quarks, and quark- or gluon-induced jets. Reconstruction techniques are used that have been specifically optimized to select events in which the tau lepton pair is highly boosted. The observed data are consistent with standard model expectations and upper limits are set at 95% confidence level on the product of cross section and branching fraction for resonance masses between 0.9 and 4.0 TeV. Exclusion limits are set in the context of bulk radion and graviton models:spin-0 radion resonances are excluded below a mass of 2.7 TeV at 95% confidence level. In the spin-1 heavy vector triplet framework, mass-degenerate W′ and Z′ resonances with dominant couplings to the standard model gauge bosons are excluded below a mass of 2.8 TeV at 95% confidence level. These are the first limits for massive resonances at the TeV scale with these decay channels at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV.« less

Measurements of fragmentation functions for jets associated with an isolated photon are presented for the first time in pp and Pb-Pb collisions. The analysis uses data collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. Fragmentation functions are obtained for jets with pTjet>30  GeV/c in events containing an isolated photon with pTγ>60  GeV/c, using charged tracks with transverse momentum pTtrk>1  GeV/c in a cone around the jet axis. The association with an isolated photon constrains the initial pT and azimuthal angle of the parton whose shower produced the jet. For central Pb-Pb collisions, modifications of themore » jet fragmentation functions are observed when compared to those measured in pp collisions, while no significant differences are found in the 50% most peripheral collisions. Jets in central Pb-Pb events show an excess (depletion) of low (high) pT particles, with a transition around 3  GeV/c. This measurement shows for the first time the in-medium shower modifications of partons (quark dominated) with well-defined initial kinematics. It constitutes a new well-controlled reference for testing theoretical models of the parton passage through the quark-gluon plasma.« less

Measurements of Higgs boson properties in the H → γγ decay channel are reported. The analysis is based on data collected by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV during the 2016 LHC running period, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$$^{−1}$$. Allowing the Higgs mass to float, the measurement yields a signal strength relative to the standard model prediction of 1.18$$_{− 0.14}^{+ 0.17}$$  = 1.18$$_{− 0.11}^{+ 0.12}$$ (stat)$$_{− 0.07}^{+ 0.09}$$ (syst)$$_{− 0.06}^{+ 0.07}$$ (theo), which is largely insensitive to the exact Higgs mass around 125 GeV. Signal strengths associated with the different Higgs boson production mechanisms, couplings to bosons and fermions, and effectivemore » couplings to photons and gluons are also measured.« less